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APA Citation Guide (APA 7th Edition): Indigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepers (Oral Communication)

Indigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepers (Oral Communication)
Reference List Citation

Last name, First initial., Nation/Community. Treaty Territory if applicable. Where they live if applicable. Topic/subject of communication if applicable. Personal communication. Month Date, Year.

Example

Cardinal, D., Goodfish Lake Cree Nation. Treaty 6. Lives in Edmonton. Oral teaching. Personal communication. April 4, 2004.
In-Text Citation: Quote

(Last Name of Elder/Knowledge Keeper, Year of communication)


Example

(Cardinal, 2004)
In-Text Citation: Paraphrase

(Last Name of Elder/Knowledge Keeper, Year of communication)


Example

(Cardinal, 2004)

Note that this template should be used only for oral communication with Indigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepers. If you are citing a written resource by an Indigenous person, please follow the example for citing that resource (e.g., book, website, article, etc.)

The templates and examples for Indigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepers is from NorQuest College Library, who license their work under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Details and Exceptions.

Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.